Leaders of the Allies

FDR died in 1945, during the last year of the war

Roosevelt died in 1945, before the Allied victory in World War II.
His funeral brought an outpouring of emotion from Americans he
had led during the years of the Great Depression and most of the war.

Harry S. Truman
became president
when FDR died

   FDR's vice-president, Harry S. Truman, became president upon FDR's death in April of 1945.

   Germany surrendered less than a month later, ending the war in Europe. The Japanese, however, continued fighting and showed no interest in surrender.

   It was President Truman who made the decision to use the atomic bomb to force Japan to surrender in August of 1945.

President Harry S. Truman

In their own words:

Winston Churchill
From his speech to the British Parliament
(like our Congress) upon being named
Prime Minister in 1940:

I say to this House [Parliament] as I said to Ministers [officials] who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.
We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.

   You ask, what is our policy?
   I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable [sad] catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.
   You ask, what is our aim?
   I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs - victory in spite of all terrors - victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.

Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of the United States
From his speech to Congress in 1942,
one month after the attack at Pearl Harbor:

We are fighting today for security and progress and for peace, not only for ourselves, but for all men; not only for one generation, but for all generations.

Our enemies are guided by a brutal cynicism, by unholy contempt for the human race. We are inspired by a faith which goes back through all the years to the first chapter of the Book of Genesis [in the Bible]: “God created man in His own image.”
We on our side are striving to be true to that divine heritage. We are fighting, as our fathers have fought, to uphold the doctrine that all men are equal in the sight of God. Those on the other side are striving to destroy this deep belief and to create a world in their own image, a world of tyranny and cruelty and serfdom.
This is the conflict that day and night now pervades [completely fills] our lives.

Looking deeper: What did FDR mean?

   FDR wanted Americans to understand that this war was not mainly about territory or control of the seas for trade. It was a fight to the death between two very different ideas about human life and moral values.

   In his speech, he defines the war as a struggle over ideas about human life that trace back to ancient Jewish and Christian teachings. He quotes a famous line in the oldest section of the Bible, that "God created man in His own image." He says Americans are trying to defend this concept of human life, while the fascists want to create a world where a human life means almost nothing.

   The photograph below is an example of the tyranny and cruelty that FDR said was both the method and the goal of fascist leaders like Hitler. It shows German soldiers murdering Jews during the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1942.

All photos are from the Library of Congress.
Some have been edited or resized for this page.